Sundowning, also known as sundown syndrome, refers to a state of confusion, agitation, anxiety, or aggressive behavior that typically occurs in the late afternoon or evening in older adults, especially those with Alzheimer’s disease or other forms of dementia.
In this article, we’ll explore what sundowning is, what causes it, and most importantly, what you can do to help reduce or manage the symptoms in your loved one.
What Is Sundowning?
Sundowning is not a disease, but a group of symptoms that commonly occur in the late afternoon or early evening. These may include:
- Increased confusion or disorientation
- Restlessness and pacing
- Irritability or mood swings
- Trouble sleeping or staying asleep
- Verbal or physical outbursts
- Hallucinations or delusions in severe cases
The exact cause isn’t fully understood, but it may be linked to disrupted circadian rhythms and environmental factors like fatigue or low lighting.
Common Triggers of Sundowning
- Fatigue or lack of sleep
- Too much stimulation or noise during the day
- Disruption in daily routines
- Low lighting and increased shadows
- Hunger or dehydration
- Unmet physical needs, such as needing the bathroom
Tips to Reduce Sundowning Symptoms
- Stick to a Routine: Keep wake, meal, and sleep times consistent.
- Encourage Daytime Activity: Light exercise during the day can reduce restlessness at night.
- Limit Stimulation: Keep evenings quiet and calm.
- Adjust Lighting: Use soft lighting to reduce shadows and confusion.
- Create a Calming Environment: Reduce clutter and play soft music or use familiar objects.
- Use Gentle Communication: Speak calmly and avoid correcting confusion.
- Limit Caffeine and Sugar: Avoid stimulating foods and drinks in the afternoon and evening.
Can Diet Help with Sundowning?
Yes, certain dietary habits may support better evening behavior:
- Regular Meal Times: Avoid hunger-related agitation.
- Light Evening Meals: Prevent digestive discomfort.
- Hydration: Offer water throughout the day.
- Foods That May Promote Sleep:
- Complex carbohydrates like oatmeal
- Turkey or dairy (contain tryptophan)
- Herbal teas like chamomile (if appropriate)
Sundowning can be emotionally taxing, but small, consistent changes in daily habits and environment can help ease the effects. Every senior is different, so be patient and observe what works best.
